Background: Melasma is a chronic, recurrent hyperpigmentary disorder with multifactorial etiopathogenesis involving genetic, hormonal, vascular, and environmental influences. Conventional therapies such as hydroquinone, retinoids, chemical peels, and lasers often yield incomplete or transient improvement. Microneedling, a minimally invasive collagen induction therapy, has recently gained attention for its ability to remodel dermal structures and enhance transdermal drug delivery. This review explores the role of microneedling as a drug delivery system in melasma treatment, focusing on its mechanisms, safety, efficacy, and potential clinical advantages.
Methods: This structured literature search was conducted from August 2025 to the present, utilizing terms such as "microneedling, " "melasma, " and "drug delivery" in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews that evaluated the efficacy of microneedling in the treatment of melasma were incorporated. Data on therapeutic outcomes, relapse rates, and adverse events were synthesized narratively.
Conclusion: Evidence suggests that microneedling enhances drug penetration, stimulates collagen and elastin synthesis, and facilitates melanin elimination, making it an effective adjuvant in melasma therapy. Combination approaches with topical agents, particularly triple combination regimens, show superior pigment reduction and relapse prevention compared to conventional treatments alone. Although generally safe with minimal adverse effects, additional randomized controlled trials with standardized protocols are required to verify its long-term efficacy and safety.
International Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy Sciences
