AbstractIntroduction and Background: Facial lesions include a wide variety of dermatological diseases, from benign tumours to malignant neoplasms. This study seeks to examine the clinical manifestation, location, and histological association of face lesions in patients attending a tertiary healthcare institution. The aim is to evaluate the diagnostic agreement between clinical and histological results and to analyse the prevalence of various types of face abnormalities.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed by examining histopathology data of patients with facial lesions throughout one year at a tertiary care institution. This study was conducted at the department of Dermatology, I-Care Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Haldia, West Bengal, India from November 2018 to October 2019. Clinical data, encompassing age, gender, lesion form, and location, were extracted from medical records. The lesions were categorised as inflammatory, infectious, benign, or malignant neoplasms according to histological results. The agreement between clinical and histological diagnosis was evaluated using statistical techniques.
Results: There were 1.2 times as many male as female cases among the 350 cases of facial lesions that were examined. People in the age bracket of 31-50 accounted for nearly half of the cases. Benign neoplasms accounted for 42% of all lesions, while inflammatory lesions accounted for 30%, malignant neoplasms for 18%, and infectious lesions for 10%. These include seborrhoeic keratosis (18%), dermoid cysts (10%), and epidermal inclusion cysts (8%). There was a 12% incidence of acne and a 10% incidence of granulomatous dermatitis. Inflammatory and infectious lesions showed the highest frequency of inconsistencies because their clinical characteristics overlapped.
Conclusion: The definitive diagnosis of face lesions relies heavily on histopathological investigation, which is especially useful for differentiating benign from malignant disorders. Although clinical evaluation is still crucial, histopathology greatly enhances diagnostic precision, which helps with better prognosis and treatment planning. For more accurate diagnoses, it is best to use a multidisciplinary approach that incorporates clinical, dermoscopy, and histological evaluations.
