AbstractBackground: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by multisystem involvement, including a range of cutaneous manifestations. The study aimed to evaluate the demographic profile, clinical features, triggering factors, and laboratory findings in SLE patients, with particular emphasis on the role of skin lesions and exacerbating factors.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted over a one-year period at the Department of Medicine/Dermatology, Fathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Kadapa. A total of 75 patients with SLE were included. Data was collected on demographic parameters, clinical features (specific and non-specific lesions), potential triggering factors, and systemic involvement. Laboratory investigations, including ANA and anti-dsDNA testing, were performed on all participants.
Results: The study found that 86.7% of the patients were female, with the majority (46.7%) in the 21-30 years age group. Photosensitivity was the most common trigger for disease flare (52%), followed by pregnancy (10.7%). Malar rash (69.3%), photosensitive dermatitis (57.3%), and non-scarring diffuse hair loss (74.7%) were the most common cutaneous manifestations. Renal involvement was noted in 48% of patients, and 34.7% had lupus nephritis confirmed by biopsy. All patients were ANA-positive, and 56% had positive anti-dsDNA.
Conclusion: This study underscores the predominance of photosensitivity and cutaneous manifestations in SLE, particularly malar rash and non-scarring hair loss. Systemic involvement was common, especially musculoskeletal and constitutional symptoms. The findings suggest that early identification and management of cutaneous manifestations can aid in timely intervention and improve patient outcomes.
